Introduction to Sample Preparation

Selecting a Sample Preparation Method

The selection of a preparation method is dependent upon:

1. the analyte(s)
2. the analyte concentration level(s)
3. the sample matrix
4. the instrumental measurement technique
5. the required sample size

The method selected will require specific sample preparation equipment and reagents. Contamination from the atmosphere, apparatus, and reagents is a key issue when addressing the selection process.

The following checklist should be considered prior to selecting a method:

The identity of the analytes and potential chemical forms.

The concentration range(s) of the analyte(s) and the detection limit requirement(s).

The chemical and physical composition of the sample matrix.

The availability of apparatus and equipment.

The sample size that is available or required.

The potential for contamination during some part of the sample preparation process.

Using the above information, the analyst is in a position to select the preparation technique. This involves choosing the mode of attack (acid digestion, ashing, fusion), the specific chemical reagents, and the container(s) materials needed to carry out the preparation. The analyst must keep in mind that contamination issues, plus any difficulties within the final sample solution matrix, will have an impact upon the ICP-OES and/or ICP-MS measurement techniques.

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